Clay in Ancient Egypt essays

Clay in Ancient Egypt essays No one is certain how early the Egyptians began using clay. They had become fairly adept at using clay by around 5000 B.C., which was the Predynastic Period. The Egyptian civilization was located along the Nile River, and the annual flooding of the Nile made large amounts of clay readily accessible. There is clear evidence suggesting that the Egyptians were the first civilization to use the potters wheel, which they were doing around 2700 B.C. This quickly became a widely-used technique, and by 2400 B.C., statues of potters working at wheels were being used in funerary rites. Even in the Predynastic Period, clay was considered a primeval material which contained essential life-bearing forces (Bianchi 35). A style developed during this period in which red paint was used on buff-colored earthenware. The painting on these often depicted Nile sailing boats complete with cabins and flags, various animals and plants, and geometric forms. These forms were painted randomly around the vessel, because the craftsmen were focused on visual clarity and not in creating the kind of illusions of reality which have preoccupied Western artists from the time of the Renaissance (Bianchi 38). Although its use began in the Middle Kingdom, the Third Intermediate Period, between 1080 and 656 B.C., was the height of the use of faience, or Egyptian paste, which was a glazed, ceramic material similar to porcelain. It was made by adding soluble sodium salts to the clay body, a process which may originally have occurred accidentally, when the wind blew other materials into clay beds. As the object dried, the glaze-forming materials would be deposited on its surface, forming white crystals. When the object was then fired, its surface would be covered in a thin glaze from the crystals. Colorings were often added to faience, most often copper oxide to make a turquoise blue, or more rarely, cobalt oxide to make a d...

Garza Surname Meaning and Origin

Garza Surname Meaning and Origin Garza is a surname with several possible origins: Meaning heron in Spanish, the Garza surname usually translates as dweller at the sign of the heron or dove. It may have been given as a descriptive nickname for someone with long legs like a heron. It could also be a habitational name for someone from one of several places named Garza.Garza is sometimes a variation of Garcia, the Spanish form of Gerald, meaning ruler of the spear. Garza is the 26th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  DE GARZA, DE LA GARZA, GARZO, GARZON, GARCI, GARCEZ, GARCIA Famous People With the Surname Garza Alana de la Garza - an American actressTony Garza - Mexican American politician and former United States Ambassador to Mexico (2002-2009)Madison De La Garza - American child actress, best known for her role in the television hit Desperate Housewives. Where Do People With the Garza Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  puts the Garza surname as most popular in Mexico, where it ranks as the 47th most common surname. Outside of Mexico, Garza is most common in the United States- found in large numbers in Texas, followed by California, Illinois, Washington, Arizona, Michigan, and Florida. WorldNames PublicProfiler also puts the largest number of individuals named Garza in Texas, by over six times as great as the next state, New Mexico. In Spain, Garza is most common in the  Aragà ³n region. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Garza 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean, and other Spanish speaking countries. Garza Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Garza family crest or coat of arms for the Garza surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Garza Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Garza surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Garza query. FamilySearch - Garza GenealogyAccess over 1.5 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Garza surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Garza RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Garza surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. Garza Surname Family Mailing ListsThis free mailing list for researchers of the Garza surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - Garza Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Garza. The Garza Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Garza from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997